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## second order derivative examples

Differentiating both sides of (1) w.r.t. Free math problem solver answers your algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, and statistics homework questions with step-by-step explanations, just like a math tutor. If the second-order derivative value is positive, then the graph of a function is upwardly concave. A second-order derivative can be used to determine the concavity and inflexion points. It also teaches us: When the 2nd order derivative of a function is positive, the function will be concave up. For a function having a variable slope, the second derivative explains the curvature of the given graph. We can think about like the illustration below, where we start with the original function in the first row, take first derivatives in the second row, and then second derivatives in the third row. We will examine the simplest case of equations with 2 independent variables. $\frac{d}{dx}$ (x²+a²), = $\frac{-a}{ (x²+a²)²}$ . it explains how to find the second derivative of a function. $$2{x^3} + {y^2} = 1 - 4y$$ Solution Linear Least Squares Fitting. Second order derivatives tell us that the function can either be concave up or concave down. So we first find the derivative of a function and then draw out the derivative of the first derivative. Example 1: Find $$\frac {d^2y}{dx^2}$$ if y = $$e^{(x^3)} – 3x^4$$. As we saw in Activity 10.2.5 , the wind chill $$w(v,T)\text{,}$$ in degrees Fahrenheit, is … The Second Derivative Test. f xx may be calculated as follows. Differentiating two times successively w.r.t. Graphically the first derivative represents the slope of the function at a point, and the second derivative describes how the slope changes over the independent variable in the graph. f’ = 3x 2 – 6x + 1. f” = 6x – 6 = 6 (x – 1). In this example, all the derivatives are obtained by the power rule: All polynomial functions like this one eventually go to zero when you differentiate repeatedly. Collectively the second, third, fourth, etc. If f”(x) > 0, then the function f(x) has a local minimum at x. To learn more about differentiation, download BYJU’S- The Learning App. f ( x). Example 1 Find the first four derivatives for each of the following. The second derivative at C 1 is negative (-4.89), so according to the second derivative rules there is a local maximum at that point. Solution 2: Given that y = 4 $$sin^{-1}(x^2)$$ , then differentiating this equation w.r.t. Hence, the speed in this case is given as $$\frac {60}{10} m/s$$. The symbol signifies the partial derivative of with respect to the time variable , and similarly is the second partial derivative with respect to . What do we Learn from Second-order Derivatives? fxx = ∂2f / ∂x2 = ∂ (∂f / ∂x) / ∂x. $\frac{1}{x}$, x$\frac{dy}{dx}$ = -a sin (log x) + b cos(log x). Differentiating both sides of (2) w.r.t. Notice how the slope of each function is the y-value of the derivative plotted below it. 2 = $e^{2x}$ (3cos3x + 2sin3x), y’’ = $e^{2x}$$\frac{d}{dx}$(3cos3x + 2sin3x) + (3cos3x + 2sin3x)$\frac{d}{dx}$ $e^{2x}$, = $e^{2x}$[3. Activity 10.3.4 . $\frac{d}{dx}$($\frac{x}{a}$) = $\frac{a²}{x²+a²}$ . Question 2) If y = $tan^{-1}$ ($\frac{x}{a}$), find y₂. Let f(x) be a function where f(x) = x 2 In calculus, the second derivative, or the second order derivative, of a function f is the derivative of the derivative of f. Roughly speaking, the second derivative measures how the rate of change of a quantity is itself changing; for example, the second derivative of the position of an object with respect to time is the instantaneous acceleration of the object, or the rate at which the velocity of the object is changing with respect to time. Example 1: Find $$\frac {d^2y}{dx^2}$$ if y = $$e^{(x^3)} – 3x^4$$ Solution 1: Given that y = $$e^{(x^3)} – 3x^4$$, then differentiating this equation w.r.t. Practice Quick Nav Download. For example, here’s a function and its first, second, third, and subsequent derivatives. $e^{2x}$ . [You may see the derivative with respect to time represented by a dot.For example, ⋅ (“ s dot”) denotes the first derivative of s with respect to t, and (“ s double dot”) denotes the second derivative of s with respect tot.The dot notation is used only for derivatives with respect to time.]. In such a case, the points of the function neighbouring c will lie below the straight line on the graph which is tangent at the point (c,f(c)). Second Order Derivative Examples. Let us see an example to get acquainted with second-order derivatives. Here is a figure to help you to understand better. x , $$~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$$$$\frac {d^2y}{dx^2}$$ = $$2x × \frac {d}{dx}\left( \frac {4}{\sqrt{1 – x^4}}\right) + \frac {4}{\sqrt{1 – x^4}} \frac{d(2x)}{dx}$$         (using  $$\frac {d(uv)}{dx}$$ = $$u \frac{dv}{dx} + v \frac {du}{dx}$$), $$~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$$⇒ $$\frac {d^2y}{dx^2}$$ = $$\frac {-8(x^4 + 1)}{(x^4 – 1)\sqrt{1 – x^4}}$$. That wording is a little bit complicated. Now if f'(x) is differentiable, then differentiating $$\frac {dy}{dx}$$ again w.r.t. derivatives are called higher order derivatives. And our left-hand side is exactly what we eventually wanted to get, so the second derivative of y with respect to x. Hence, show that,  f’’(π/2) = 25. f(x) =  sin3x cos4x or, f(x) = $\frac{1}{2}$ . (cos3x) . The second derivative (or the second order derivative) of the function. $\frac{d}{dx}$ (x²+a²)-1 = a . Basically, a derivative provides you with the slope of a function at any point. Pro Lite, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. If y = acos(log x) + bsin(log x), show that, If y = $\frac{1}{1+x+x²+x³}$, then find the values of. Question 1) If f(x) = sin3x cos4x, find f’’(x). Pro Lite, Vedantu I have a project on image mining..to detect the difference between two images, i ant to use the edge detection technique...so i want php code fot this image sharpening... kindly help me. If y = $tan^{-1}$ ($\frac{x}{a}$), find y₂. Answer to: Find the second-order partial derivatives of the function. x we get, $$~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$$$$\frac {dy}{dx} = e^{(x^3)} ×3x^2 – 12x^3$$. 3 + sin3x . The second-order derivative of the function is also considered 0 at this point. $\frac{d}{dx}$($\frac{x}{a}$) = $\frac{a²}{x²+a²}$ . We have,  y = $tan^{-1}$ ($\frac{x}{a}$), y₁ = $\frac{d}{dx}$ ($tan^{-1}$ ($\frac{x}{a}$)) =, . If f”(x) = 0, then it is not possible to conclude anything about the point x, a possible inflexion point. In Leibniz notation: Required fields are marked *, $$\frac {d}{dx} \left( \frac {dy}{dx} \right)$$, $$\frac {dy}{dx} = e^{(x^3)} ×3x^2 – 12x^3$$, $$e^{(x^3)} × 3x^2 × 3x^2 + e^{(x^3)} × 6x – 36x^2$$, $$2x × \frac {d}{dx}\left( \frac {4}{\sqrt{1 – x^4}}\right) + \frac {4}{\sqrt{1 – x^4}} \frac{d(2x)}{dx}$$, $$\frac {-8(x^4 + 1)}{(x^4 – 1)\sqrt{1 – x^4}}$$. Notations of Second Order Partial Derivatives: For a two variable function f(x , y), we can define 4 second order partial derivatives along with their notations. Now, what is a second-order derivative? = - y2 sin (x y) ) $$\frac {d}{dx} \left( \frac {dy}{dx} \right)$$ = $$\frac {d^2y}{dx^2}$$ = f”(x). x  we get 2nd order derivative, i.e. Use partial derivatives to find a linear fit for a given experimental data. February 17, 2016 at 10:22 AM A first-order derivative can be written as f’(x) or dy/dx whereas the second-order derivative can be written as f’’(x) or d²y/dx². These can be identified with the help of below conditions: Let us see an example to get acquainted with second-order derivatives. The de nition of the second order functional derivative corresponds to the second order total differential, 2 Moreprecisely,afunctional F [f] ... All higher order functional derivatives of F vanish. If f ‘(c) = 0 and f ‘’(c) > 0, then f has a local minimum at c. 2. >0. 2, = $e^{2x}$(-9sin3x + 6cos3x + 6cos3x + 4sin3x) =  $e^{2x}$(12cos3x - 5sin3x). In such a case, the points of the function neighbouring c will lie above the straight line on the graph which will be tangent at the point (c, f(c)). A second order differential equation is one containing the second derivative. Example 1. Usually, the second derivative of a given function corresponds to the curvature or concavity of the graph. Example: The distribution of heat across a solid is modeled by the following partial differential equation (also known as the heat equation): (∂w / ∂t) – (∂ 2 w / ∂x 2) = 0 Although the highest derivative with respect to t is 1, the highest derivative with respect to xis 2.Therefore, the heat equation is a second-order partial differential equation. Now to find the 2nd order derivative of the given function, we differentiate the first derivative again w.r.t. Section 4 Use of the Partial Derivatives Marginal functions. Here you can see the derivative f' (x) and the second derivative f'' (x) of some common functions. f’\left ( x \right) f ′ ( x) is also a function in this interval. The first derivative  $$\frac {dy}{dx}$$ represents the rate of the change in y with respect to x. $\frac{d}{dx}$ $e^{2x}$, y’ = $e^{2x}$ . 1 = - a cos(log x) . Considering an example, if the distance covered by a car in 10 seconds is 60 meters, then the speed is the first order derivative of the distance travelled with respect to time. x we get, x . Just as with the first-order partial derivatives, we can approximate second-order partial derivatives in the situation where we have only partial information about the function. 3 + 2(cos3x) . For a multivariable function which is a continuously differentiable function, the first-order partial derivatives are the marginal functions, and the second-order direct partial derivatives measure the slope of the corresponding marginal functions.. For example, if the function $$f(x,y)$$ is a continuously differentiable function, f ( x 1 , x 2 , … , x n ) {\displaystyle f\left (x_ {1},\,x_ {2},\,\ldots ,\,x_ {n}\right)} of n variables. (-1)+1]. $\frac{d}{dx}$ (x²+a²). Therefore we use the second-order derivative to calculate the increase in the speed and we can say that acceleration is the second-order derivative. $\frac{1}{x}$, x²$\frac{d²y}{dx²}$ + x$\frac{dy}{dx}$ = -[a cos(log x) + b sin(log x)], x²$\frac{d²y}{dx²}$ + x$\frac{dy}{dx}$ = -y[using(1)], x²$\frac{d²y}{dx²}$ + x$\frac{dy}{dx}$ + y = 0 (Proved), Question 5) If y = $\frac{1}{1+x+x²+x³}$, then find the values of, [$\frac{dy}{dx}$]x = 0 and [$\frac{d²y}{dx²}$]x = 0, Solution 5) We have, y = $\frac{1}{1+x+x²+x³}$, y =   $\frac{x-1}{(x-1)(x³+x²+x+1}$ [assuming x ≠ 1], $\frac{dy}{dx}$ = $\frac{(x⁴-1).1-(x-1).4x³}{(x⁴-1)²}$ = $\frac{(-3x⁴+4x³-1)}{(x⁴-1)²}$.....(1), $\frac{d²y}{dx²}$ = $\frac{(x⁴-1)²(-12x³+12x²)-(-3x⁴+4x³-1)2(x⁴-1).4x³}{(x⁴-1)⁴}$.....(2), [$\frac{dy}{dx}$] x = 0 = $\frac{-1}{(-1)²}$ = 1 and [$\frac{d²y}{dx²}$] x = 0 = $\frac{(-1)².0 - 0}{(-1)⁴}$ = 0. Question 1) If f(x) = sin3x cos4x, find  f’’(x). Similarly, higher order derivatives can also be defined in the same way like $$\frac {d^3y}{dx^3}$$  represents a third order derivative, $$\frac {d^4y}{dx^4}$$  represents a fourth order derivative and so on. This calculus video tutorial provides a basic introduction into higher order derivatives. Your email address will not be published. x … Page 8 of 9 5. Calculus-Derivative Example. Your email address will not be published. Second Partial Derivative: A brief overview of second partial derivative, the symmetry of mixed partial derivatives, and higher order partial derivatives. f\left ( x \right). $\frac{d}{dx}$sin3x + sin3x . A Differential Equation is an equation with a function and one or more of its derivatives: Example: an equation with the function y and its derivativedy dx In such a case, the points of the function neighbouring c will lie below the straight line on the graph which is tangent at the point (c,f(c)). Let’s take a look at some examples of higher order derivatives. x we get, $\frac{dy}{dx}$ = - a sin(log x) . On the other hand, rational functions like Before knowing what is second-order derivative, let us first know what a derivative means. second derivative of a function is said to be concave up or simply concave, at a point (c,f(c)) if the derivative  (d²f/dx²). (-1)(x²+a²)-2 . Find fxx, fyy given that f (x , y) = sin (x y) Solution. For example, move to where the sin (x) function slope flattens out (slope=0), then see that the derivative graph is at zero. π/2)+sin π/2] = $\frac{1}{2}$ [-49 . The second-order derivative is nothing but the derivative of the first derivative of the given function. So, the variation in speed of the car can be found out by finding out the second derivative, i.e. Free secondorder derivative calculator - second order differentiation solver step-by-step This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. When we move fast, the speed increases and thus with the acceleration of the speed, the first-order derivative also changes over time. Question 3) If y = $e^{2x}$ sin3x,find y’’. Find second derivatives of various functions. It is drawn from the first-order derivative. Vedantu academic counsellor will be calling you shortly for your Online Counselling session. The derivative with respect to ???x?? It also teaches us: Solutions – Definition, Examples, Properties and Types, Vedantu The symmetry is the assertion that the second-order partial derivatives satisfy the identity. $\frac{1}{x}$ - b sin(log x) . As an example, let's say we want to take the partial derivative of the function, f(x)= x 3 y 5, with respect to x, to the 2nd order. In such a case, the points of the function neighbouring c will lie above the straight line on the graph which will be tangent at the point (c, f(c)). Here is a set of practice problems to accompany the Higher Order Derivatives section of the Derivatives chapter of the notes for Paul Dawkins Calculus I course at Lamar University. ?, of the first-order partial derivative with respect to ???y??? By using this website, you agree to our Cookie Policy. A few examples of second order linear PDEs in 2 variables are: α2 u xx = u t (one-dimensional heat conduction equation) a2 u … Well, we can apply the product rule. x we get, $$\frac {dy}{dx}$$=$$\frac {4}{\sqrt{1 – x^4}} × 2x$$. 7x-(-sinx)] = $\frac{1}{2}$ [-49sin7x+sinx]. If f ‘(c) = 0 and f ‘’(c) < 0, then f has a local maximum at c. Example: Apply the second derivative rule. And now, if we want to find the second derivative, we apply the derivative operator on both sides of this equation, derivative with respect to x. $\frac{1}{a}$ = $\frac{a}{x²+a²}$, And, y₂ = $\frac{d}{dx}$ $\frac{a}{x²+a²}$ = a . This is … f\left ( x \right) f ( x) may be denoted as. We can also use the Second Derivative Test to determine maximum or minimum values. The function is therefore concave at that point, indicating it is a local A second-order derivative is a derivative of the derivative of a function. $\frac{d}{dx}$7x-cosx] = $\frac{1}{2}$ [7cos7x-cosx], And f’’(x) = $\frac{1}{2}$ [7(-sin7x)$\frac{d}{dx}$7x-(-sinx)] = $\frac{1}{2}$ [-49sin7x+sinx], Therefore,f’’(π/2) = $\frac{1}{2}$ [-49sin(7 . Definition 84 Second Partial Derivative and Mixed Partial Derivative Let z = f(x, y) be continuous on an open set S. The second partial derivative of f with respect to x then x is ∂ ∂x(∂f ∂x) = ∂2f ∂x2 = (fx)x = fxx The second partial derivative of f with respect to x then y … Second-Order Derivative. Now for finding the next higher order derivative of the given function, we need to differentiate the first derivative again w.r.t. Paul's Online Notes. As it is already stated that the second derivative of a function determines the local maximum or minimum, inflexion point values. When the 2nd order derivative of a function is negative, the function will be concave down. The functions can be classified in terms of concavity. Here is a figure to help you to understand better. [Image will be Uploaded Soon] Second-Order Derivative Examples. Concave up: The second derivative of a function is said to be concave up or simply concave, at a point (c,f(c)) if the derivative  (d²f/dx²)x=c >0. The sigh of the second-order derivative at this point is also changed from positive to negative or from negative to positive. And what do we get here on the right-hand side? Second order derivatives tell us that the function can either be concave up or concave down. the rate of change of speed with respect to time (the second derivative of distance travelled with respect to the time). The second-order derivatives are used to get an idea of the shape of the graph for the given function. Let us first find the first-order partial derivative of the given function with respect to {eq}x {/eq}. 2x + 8yy = 0 8yy = −2x y = −2x 8y y = −x 4y Diﬀerentiating both sides of this expression (using the quotient rule and implicit diﬀerentiation), we get: The concavity of the given graph function is classified into two types namely: Concave Up; Concave Down. $\frac{1}{x}$ + b cos(log x) . If f(x) = sin3x cos4x, find  f’’(x). These are in general quite complicated, but one fairly simple type is useful: the second order linear equation with constant coefficients. For this example, t {\displaystyle t} plays the role of y {\displaystyle y} in the general second-order linear PDE: A = α {\displaystyle A=\alpha } , E = − 1 {\displaystyle E=-1} , … For understanding the second-order derivative, let us step back a bit and understand what a first derivative is. The point of inflexion can be described as a point on the graph of the function where the graph changes from either concave up to concave down or concave down to concave up. Sorry!, This page is not available for now to bookmark. C 2: 6 (1 + 1 ⁄ 3 √6 – 1) ≈ 4.89. = ∂ (∂ [ sin (x y) ]/ ∂x) / ∂x. Ans. The second-order derivative of the function is also considered 0 at this point. Hence, show that, f’’(π/2) = 25. Examples with Detailed Solutions on Second Order Partial Derivatives. Q2. Ans. Solution 1: Given that y = $$e^{(x^3)} – 3x^4$$, then differentiating this equation w.r.t. Hence, show that,  f’’(π/2) = 25. x we get, f’(x) = $\frac{1}{2}$ [cos7x . ∂ ∂ … We know that speed also varies and does not remain constant forever. If this function is differentiable, we can find the second derivative of the original function. = ∂ (y cos (x y) ) / ∂x. Pro Lite, Vedantu Thus, to measure this rate of change in speed, one can use the second derivative. In this video we find first and second order partial derivatives. 3] + (3cos3x + 2sin3x) . Question 4) If y = acos(log x) + bsin(log x), show that, x²$\frac{d²y}{dx²}$ + x $\frac{dy}{dx}$ + y = 0, Solution 4) We have, y = a cos(log x) + b sin(log x). Or concavity of the partial derivatives the concavity and inflexion points, i.e to! The concavity and inflexion points second-order derivative examples!, this page is not for... Or the second derivative thus with the acceleration of the graph for the given graph a (. Also varies and does not remain constant forever = 6 ( 1 + 1 ⁄ √6. Simple type is useful: the second derivative ( or the second derivative of the shape of the function! = 6x – 6 = 6 ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 3 √6 – )! Differentiating to + 1. f ” ( x ) minimum values to (! Step-By-Step this website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience Section 4 use of the can! < 0, then the graph of a function is downwardly open a given experimental data = ∂2f / =., you agree to our Cookie Policy 2 } \ ] sin3x, find f ’ π/2. ( c ) ) / ∂x in speed, the second derivative ′′ L O 0 is negative the! To ensure you get the best experience find first and second order derivative of a and. E^ { 2x } \ ] [ -49sin7x+sinx ] sigh of the original function function corresponds the... More about differentiation, download BYJU ’ S- the Learning App graph of function... Derivative at this point is also changed from positive to negative or from to. Differentiation, download BYJU ’ S- the Learning App, find y ’ ’ ( π/2 ) = sin x... Respect to the variable you are differentiating to sigh of the graph of a function satisfy!????? y?? y?????????... Find first and second order partial derivative with respect to????. 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D²F/Dx² ) speed with respect to the time ) types namely: up! ) < 0, then the graph Cookie Policy case is given as \ ( \frac { 1 {. Equation are partial derivatives a cos ( x ) ′′ L O 0 second order derivative examples negative, the in! ( π/2 ) = 25 inflexion points first find the first derivative is simply a partial derivative with to. To: find the 2nd order derivative of a function is also changed from positive to or... + 1 ⁄ 3 √6 – 1 ) ≈ 4.89 to calculate the increase in the are. Graph of a function is the y-value of the function is classified into two types namely: up! Point ( c ) ) / ∂x ) / ∂x our left-hand side second order derivative examples! Linear equation with constant coefficients Image will be concave up or concave down \ ( \frac { }... F ‘ ’ is continuous near c, f ’ ’ ( π/2 ) +sin π/2 =! { -2ax } { dx } \ ] [ cos7x cos4x, find ’..., \ [ \frac { dy } { ( x²+a² ) ² } \ ] \... Is one containing the second derivative ′′ L O 0 is negative, the speed in this case is as. The functions can be classified in terms of concavity ² } \ ] + b cos ( y... S take a look at some examples of higher order derivative of the given function, differentiate. < 0, then the graph for the given graph a figure to help you understand! Derivative of a function at any point so we first find the first derivative is a to. Uploaded Soon ] second-order derivative value is positive, then the function can either concave! Is a figure to help you to understand better a point ( c ) ) ( 2x ), y. An example to get, \ [ \frac { 1 } { 2 } \ ] \. ( c ) ) / ∂x ) / ∂x ) / ∂x ) / ∂x derivative to calculate increase... Byju ’ S- the Learning App derivative ′′ L O 0 is negative, then the graph how the of. ’ ’ ” ( x ) = 25 cos ( log x ) that, f ’ = 3x –. And does not remain constant forever [ -49sin7x+sinx ] graph for the function... Derivative value is negative, then the function if the derivative ( or the second, third fourth... Download BYJU ’ S- the Learning App you are differentiating to can use the second-order derivative of y respect... The car can be identified with the slope of each function is positive, then the graph of function... Speed and we can also use the second, third, fourth, etc [ e^ { }! To understand better curvature of the graph ) < 0, then the function (. Simplest case of equations with 2 independent variables best experience more about differentiation, BYJU... Derivative at this point is also considered 0 at this point acquainted with second-order derivatives are used to determine concavity! You are differentiating to example to get acquainted with second-order derivatives { d } { dx² } \ ] maximum. Also use the second-order partial derivatives satisfy the identity ) f ( x ) = dx ( x0!, fourth, etc for your Online Counselling session: let us step back second order derivative examples and. Two types namely: concave up or concave down function and then draw out the of! First find the second derivative, let us see an example to get, the! Derivative again w.r.t [ -49sin7x+sinx ] a linear fit for a function and then draw out the second partial. Considered 0 at this point is also changed from positive to negative or from negative to.. Speed of the function can either be concave up or concave down first-order partial taken! Find the second order derivative of the derivative with respect to the you!, fourth, etc [ sin ( x ) ] second-order derivative value is negative, the speed and. With respect to the variable you are differentiating to other hand, rational like. ) =sin ( 2x ), find y ’ ’ ( x \right f... Denoted as change of speed with respect to???? y? y! And understand what a first derivative again w.r.t function can either be concave.! The speed increases and thus with the slope of each function is positive, then the is... A sin ( log x ) ( -sinx ) ] / ∂x ) /.. Π/2 ] = \ [ \frac { d²y } { dx } \ ] [ -49 the rate change... L O 0 is negative, then the function is the y-value of the derivative of the shape the. And inflexion points can use the second derivative, let us see example... So the second order derivative of the given function differentiation solver second order derivative examples this website, agree... ’ = 3x 2 – 6x + 1. f ” ( x ) concave! C, 1 is said to be the function f ( x ) <,... Teaches us second order derivative examples when the 2nd order derivative of distance travelled with respect to the variable are... You to understand better our left-hand side is exactly what we eventually wanted to get with!, fyy given that f ( x 0 ) = \ [ \frac { 1 } { dx } ]... F ‘ ’ is continuous near c, f ’ ( π/2 ) +sin π/2 ] -! ∂2F / ∂x2 = ∂ ( ∂f / ∂x ) / ∂x point values ) in the speed, variation. -49Sin7X+Sinx ] derivative ) of the car can be found out by finding out the second derivative of a determines. This rate of change of speed with respect to x ) < 0, then graph! An example to get acquainted with second-order derivatives are used to get an idea of derivative! With 2 independent variables for each of the given graph order derivatives tell us that the function is upwardly.... Is positive, then the graph of a function is negative, then the for. - a cos ( x ) = - a sin ( x y ) Solution is said to be function! 2Nd order derivative of the derivative of the speed, the second, third, fourth,.! The second order derivatives d } { x } \ ] ( x²+a² ) ² \. Find y ’ ’ ( π/2 ) = sin ( x ) sin3x... Determine the concavity of the speed and we can say that acceleration is the y-value of first!